Video Games vs. Children Essay - 1757 Words

English 1120 10 March 2006 Video Games vs. Children The promotion of violence by today’s media, especially video games, has caused violence and aggression in reality to become a major concern. As gaming graphics and special effects are becoming more realistic, this portrayal of violence is one of the many important concerns in society. These days, a person can pick up a controller, move a joystick around, press a few buttons, and totally devastate an entire city. The recent uproar about this kind of entertainment is based on the debate of whether or not violence is affecting children who spend countless hours playing violent video games. Some people claim that the violence in the media has influenced horrible acts, such as many†¦show more content†¦The study also shows that children enjoy the violent acts portrayed in the video games they play. Almost all of the popular games that children enjoy playing these days do contain many acts of violence and aggression. I believe we must find a w ay to help children accept other video games that are more educational and less violent. The real question to all of the recent video game controversy is whether or not children’s behavior is truly affected by the fantasy violence portrayed in the games today. Is it true that this depiction of violence in video games resulted in any sort of increase in the crime rate? The FBI states that it hasn’t. The FBI released information on October 17, 2005 that stated that the violent crime rate in the United States went down last year, and has also dropped drastically over the past twenty years (Radford). This evidence states that my theory is wrong about the affects of violent video games and children, but I still have my doubts. I do not believe that all children playing these games go out and commit actual violent crimes seen in video games. I believe that it is not morally healthy for a child with a developing mind to witness and act out animated violence on television. These children that play violent games do not understand what all they are affecting wh en they point a gun and shoot a random person walking down the street. The videoShow MoreRelatedVideo Games : Improving Critical Life Skills1587 Words   |  7 PagesMandley-Stilwell December 1, 2016 How Video Games are Bolstering Critical Life Skills in Children In 1972 Magnavox Odyssey and Atari developed and released what has come to be understood as the first video game titled, Pong. A simple tennis game where the goal is simply to keep the ball within the bounds of the screen. Since then, video games have flourished into a diverse industry varying in several genres. 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Easy Way to Learn Tax Free Essays

C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. We will write a custom essay sample on Easy Way to Learn Tax or any similar topic only for you Order Now 09 Solved Ans. 1 Qn. 1. (A) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in respect of the following having regard to the provisions of the relevant direct, tax laws (i) Income-tax in India is charged at the rate(s) prescribed by — (a) The Finance Act (b) The Income-tax Act (c) The Central Board of Direct Taxes (d) The Ministry of Finance Solution: (a)The Finance Act (ii) Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, depreciation on machinery is charged on — (a) Purchase price of the machinery (b) Market price of the machinery (c) Written down value of the machinery d) All of the above. Solution: (c) Written down Value of the machinery (iii) Income accruing in India in previous year is taxable for — (a) Resident (b) Not ordinarily resident (c) Non-resident (d) All of the above. Solution (d) All of the above (iv) Sandeep purchased a house for his residential purpose after taking a loan in January, 2007. During the previous year 2008-09, he paid interest on loan Rs , 1,67,000. While computing income from house property, the deduction is allowable to the extent of — (a) Rs. 30,000 (b) Rs, 1,00,000 (c) Rs. 1,67,000 (d) Rs. 1,50,000. Solution: (d) Rs. ,50,000 (v) Which of the following is an ‘asset’ under section 2(ea) of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957 — (a) Equity shares in a company (b) Balance in provident fund (c) Motor car held as stock-in-trade – (d) Jewellery for personal use. Solution: (d) Jewellary for personal use (B) Re-write the following sentences after Filling-in the blank spaces with appropriate word(s)/figure(s) : (i) Deduction for bad debt is allowed to an assessee carrying on business in the year in which the debt is ________ as bad. (ii) Deduction available under section 80GG towards rent paid shall not exceed Rs. ______ per month. (iii) It is obligatory for an assessee to pay advance tax where the amount of tax payable is Rs. ________ or more. (iv) A belated return of income can be filed at any time before the expiry of ________ from the end of relevant assessment year. (v) Wealth-tax is levied on the net wealth of a person as on 31†³ March, this date is known as _______ date. Solution: (i) declared (ii) 2000 (iii) 5000 (iv) 1 year (v) Valuation date. (C) Rajan is an employee of a private limited company and gets the following emoluments during the previous year ended on 31sl March, 2009: Salary: Rs. 6,000; Salary in lieu of leave: Rs. 6,000; Entertainment allowance: Rs. 10,000; and Commission: Rs. 8,000. Rajan’s son studies in a school which is owned and maintained by the company. The cost of education in a similar school in the locality is Rs. 22,000 per year, but the company charges Rs. 4,000 from Rajan. Salary of a domestic C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. 2 servant provided to Rajan by the company is Rs. 6,000 and the same is paid by the company. The company purchases a computer on 1st April, 2008 for Rs. 50,000 which is given to Rajan for office an d private use. The company purchases a refrigerator for Rs. 20,000 on 30th June, 2008 for personal use of Rajan. Rajan and the company both contribute Rs. 1. 2,000 towards recognised provident fund. Rajan deposits Rs. 40,000 towards public provident fund. Rajan earns Rs. 1,00,000 by way of rent from a vacant plot, of land. Compute the taxable income and tax liability of Rajan for the assessment year 2009-10. Solution (I) Income from salary Salary Salary in lieu of leave Entertainment allowance Commission Perquisites Domestic servant Computer Refrigerator Benefit to cost of education (22,000- 4,000) Contribution to PF (in excess of 12%) Gross Salary (-) deduction U/S 16 Professional Tax Entertainment allowance Total Amount (II) Income from house Property Gross total Income (I + II) (-) Deduction U/S 80 C – 80 U U/S 80 C ( Contribution to PPF ) Total Income 96,000 6,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 NIL NIL 6,000 18,000 480 1,44,480 NIL NIL NIL 1,44,480 1,00,000 40000 2,04,480 Computation of tax liability Upto Rs. 1,50,000 Next 54,480 10% + 3% education cess Total tax liability NIL 5,448 Total Tax liability 5,448 163 5611 = Rs. 5610 QN. 2. A) From the following profit and loss account of Vinay for the year ended 31st March, 2009, compute his total income and tax liability for the assessment year : 1009-10 : Rs. Interest on capital Insurance Bad debts Depreciation Advance tax General expenses Advertisement Salary (including salary to Vinay Rs. 20,000) Interest on loan Net profit 12,000 2,000 30,000 34,000 25,000 12,000 5,000 Gross profit Br okerage Bad debts recovered (earlier allowed as deduction) Sundry receipts Interest on debentures (gross) [TDS Rs,4,120] 85,000 8,000 4,00,000 6,13,000 Additional information : i)The amount of depreciation allowable as per income-tax rules is Rs. 42,000. Rs. 5,10,000 30,000 15,000 18,000 40,000 6,13,000 C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. (ii) General expenses include Rs. 5,000 given as contribution to a political party. (iii) Vinay pays Rs. 5,200 as premium on his own life insurance policy of Rs. 50, 000. (iv) Loan was obtained for payment of income-tax, 3 Solution (I) Income from business Net profit for the year Add: Expenses not allowed under Income tax act but debited to P L A/C Intt. On capital Depreciation as per books of a/c Advance tax General Expenses Salary to Vinay Intt on loan Less: Income not allowed but Credited to P L a/c Intt. On debentures Depreciation as per Income tax Act Total Income (II) Income from Salary (III) Income from other sources Interest on debenture Gross total income [I + II + III ] Less: Deduction U/S 80C – 80U (i) Premium on life insurance policy (80C) (ii) Contribution to political party Sec (80 GGC ) Total Income Tax liability Upto Rs. 150,000 Next 1,50,000 Next 1,71,800 Rate NIL 10% 20% Rs. 12,000 34,000 25,000 5,000 20,000 8,000 40,000 42,000 Rs. 4,00,000 1,04,000 82,000 4,22,000 20,000 40,000 ,82,000 5,200 5,000 4,71,800 Computation of tax liability Less: Advance tax Paid Less: TDS Add: 3 % education cess Total tax liability = 20850 NIL 15,000 34,360 49,360 25,000 4,120 20,240 607 20847 (B) Write short notes on any two of the following : (i) Taxation of zero coupon bonds (ii) Share of profit from partnership firm (iii) Exemption of income of newly established units in special e conomic zone. Solution (i) Transfer of zero coupon bond will be subject to capital gain tax: The profits arising on the transfer of such zero coupon bond shall be chargeable under the head â€Å"capital gains†. Further, section 2(42A) has been amended to provide that if such zero coupon bonds are held for not more than 12 months, such capital asset shall be treated as short-term capital asset and hence shall be subject to short-term capital gain. On the other hand, where these bonds are held for more than 12 months, such capital gain shall be treated as long-term capital gain. Taxability of long-term capital gain from zero coupon bond [Proviso to section 112 (1)] The long-term capital gain on zero coupon bonds shall be chargeable to tax at minimum of the following two: (a) 20% of long-term capital gain after indexation of cost of such bonds, or i) 10% of long-term capital gain before indexation of cost of such bonds, C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. 4 Solution (ii) Share of profit – Section 10(2A) provides that in the case of a partner (including a minor admitted for the benefit of the firm) of a firm, his share in the total income of the firm shall be exempt from tax. Rem uneration or interest- If condition of section 184 and section 40(6) are satisfied then interest, salary, bonus, commission or remuneration paid/ payable by the firm to partners is taxable in the hands of partners (to the extent these are allowed as deduction in the hands of the firm). The following points one should note — 1. Remuneration is not taxable under the head â€Å"Salaries†- Remuneration is not taxable in the hands of partners under section 15 under the head â€Å"Salaries† (Explanation 2 to section 15). It is taxable as business income. 2. Expenses are deductible under sections 30 to 37- Any expenditure incurred in order to earn salary/interest income can be claimed as a deduction under sections 30 to 37 from such income. For instance, if a artner borrows money to make his capital contribution to the firm and he has received interest on his capital contribution, the amount of such interest will be taxed under the head â€Å"Profits and gains of business or profession†, but the interest paid by him on the borrowed money will have to be allowed as a deduction. 3. Consequences when remuneration/interest is disallowed in firm’s hands-if salary/ interest is disallowed in the hands of firm under section 40(b) and/ or section 184, then the same is not taxable in the hands of the partners. Likewise, if a part of salary/interest is not allowed as deduction in the hands of the firm, that part of salary/interest is not taxable in the hands of the partners. The cumulative impact of the aforesaid provision is that in the hands of partners the entire remuneration/ interest (excluding the amount disallowed in the assessment of partners ) is chargeable to tax. Solution (iii) The deduction under this section shall be allowed as under for a total period of 15 relevant assessment years. 1. For the first 5 consecutive assessment years 100% of the profits and gains derived from the export beginning with the assessment year relevant to of such articles or things or from services the previous year in which the unit begins to manufacture such articles or things or provide services 2. Next 5 consecutive assessment years 50% of such profits or gains 3. Next 5 consecutive assessment years So much of the amount not exceeding 50% of the profits as is debited to profit and loss account of the previous year in respect of which the deduction is to be allowed and credited to Special Economic Zone Reinvestment Reserve Account to be created and utilised for the purpose of the business of the assessee in the manner laid down in sub-section (2) below. (c) State, with reasons in brief, whether the following statements are correct or incorrect: (i) Unabsorbed depreciation of any year can be carried forward for set-off for an unlimited period of time. (ii) An individual is not liable to pay fringe benefit tax. ? (iii) The entire amount of winning from lotteries is taxable at a special rate of income-tax. (iv) Income of minor child is included in the income of his parents under the Income-tax Act, 1961 in all cases. v) When the prize is given partly in cash and partly in kind, income-tax will be deducted from cash only. Solution (i) True : Unabsorbed depreciation of any year can be carried forward for set off for an unlimited period of time. (ii) True: Individual is not liable to fringe benefit tax. (iii) True: The entire amount of winning from lotteries is taxable at the rate of 30% . (iv) False: Income of minor child is not included in the income of his parents in all cases. Any income of minor child U/S 80U, manual work done and in case of activity involved special skills are not clubbed in the hands of parents. v) False: When the prize is given partly in cash and partly in kind, Income tax is deducted from both cash and kind. Qn. 3. (A) Distinguish between any three of the following: (i) Gross total income’ and ‘total income’. (ii) Recognised provident fund’ and ‘statutory provident fund’. (iii) ‘Compulsory best judgment assessment’ and ‘discretionary best judgment assessment’, (iv) ‘Exemptions’ and ‘deductions’. C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. 5 Solution (i) Gross Total Income: As per section 14, all income shall, for purposes of Income-tax and computation of total income, be classified under the following heads of income: i) Salaries, (ii) Income from Ho use Property, (iii) Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, (iv) Capital Gains, (v) Income from Other Sources. Aggregate of incomes computed under the above 5 heads, after applying clubbing provisions and making adjustments of set off and carry forward of losses, is known as Gross Total Income (GTI). [Section 80B(5)] Total Income: The total income of an assessee is computed by deducting from the gross total income, all deductions permissible under Chapter VIA of the Income-tax Act i. e. , deductions under sections 80C to 8OU. Solution (ii) Particulars SPf RPF 1. Employee’s/ assessees’ Deduction u/s 80C is available from Deduction u/s 80C is available from contribution gross total income subject to the gross total income subject to the limit limit specified therein specified therein 2. Employer’s contribution Fully exempt from tax Exempt upto12% of salary. Amount in excess of 12% is included in gross salary. 3. Interest on Provident Fully exempt from tax Fund Exempt u/s 10 upto 9. 5% p. a. Interest credited in excess of 9. 5% p. a. is included in gross salary 4. Repayment of lump sum Fully exempt u/s 10(11) mount on retirement/ resignation/ termination Exempt subject to certain conditions. See Note 2. Solution (iii) Best Judgment Assessment: In a best judgment assessment the assessing officer should really base the assessment on his best judgement i. e. he must not act dishonestly or vindictively or capriciously. There are two types of judgement assessment: 1. Compulsory best judgement assessment ma de by the assessing officer in cases of non-co-operation on the part of the Assessee or when the Assessee is in default as regards supplying informations. . Discretionary best judgement assessment is done even in cases where the assessing officer is not satisfied about the correctness or the completeness of the accounts of the Assessee or where no method of accounting has been regularly and consistently employed by the Assessee. Solution(iv) Exemption – All receipts which give rise to income, are taxable under the Income tax -Act unless it is specifically provided that it does not form part of total income such incomes which do not form party exempt from tax. As per sec. 0 to 13A, certain incomes are either totally exempt from tax or exempt upto a certain limit therefore, there incomes to the extent there are exempt, are not included in the total income of an assessee for computation of his total income. Deduction:- The aggregate of income computed under each head, after givi ng effect to the provisions for clubbing of income and set off of loss is â€Å"Gross total Income† . In computing the total income of an assessee certain deductions are permissible under sec. 80C to 80U from â€Å"Gross total Income†. But Deductions cannot exceed Gross total Income and to get deduction, It is Assessee’s duty to place relevant material before the said authority along with Return. QN. 3(B) What is the time-limit for deposit of ‘tax deducted at source’ (TDS) to the credit of Central Government? Solution C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. TIME LIMIT FOR DEPOSITE OF TDS TO THE CREDIT OF CG 6 Section under which deduction is made Person (1) Sum deducted under sections 193, 194A, 194C, 194D, 194E, 194G, 194H. 194-1, 194J. 195. 196A to 196D (A) Tax deducted by or on behalf of the Government (B) Tax deducted by or behalf of any ther person: Same day of deduction: (i) if the amount is credited to the account of the payee as on the date upto which the account of such persons are made (ii) in any other case within 2 months, of the expiration of the month in which that date falls. (2) Sum deducted under sections 192. 194, 194B, 194BB, 194EE, 194F and 194K Time limit of de Central G overnment (A) Tax deducted by or on behalf of Government (B) Tax deducted by or on behalf of other person within one week for the last day of the month in which the deduction is made Same day of deduction Within one week from the last day of the month in which eduction made, Qn. 4. (A) What are the special provisions for computing profits and gains of retail business ? Solution: Section 44AF – Special provisions for computing profits and gains of retail business : (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Sections 28 to 43C, in the case of an assessee engaged in retail trade in any goods or merchandise, a sum equal to 5% of the total turnover in the previous year on account of such business or, as the case may be, a sum higher than the aforesaid sum as declared by the assessee in his return of income shall be deemed to be the profits and gains of such usiness chargeable to tax under the head â€Å"Profits and gains of business or profession†: Provided t hat nothing contained in this sub-section shall apply in exceeds an amount of 40 lakhs rupees in the previous year. respect of an assessee whose total turnover (2) Any deduction allowable under the provisions of sections 30 to 38 shall be deemed to have been already given full effect to and no further deduction under those sections shall be allowed. Provided that where the assessee is a firm, the salary and interest paid to its partners shall be deducted from the income computed under sub-section(1) subject to the conditions and limits specified in Section 40(b). (3) The written down value of any asset used for the purposes of the business referred to in sub-section(1) shall be deemed to have been calculated as if the assessee had claimed and had been acutually allowed the deduction in respect of the depreciation for each of the relevant assessment years. 4) The provisions of sections 44AA and 44AB shall not apply in so far as they relate to the business referred to in sub-section (1) and in computing the monetary limits under those sections, the total turnover or the income from the said business shall be excluded. (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section, an assessee may claim lower profits and gains than the profits and gains specified in sub-section (1), if the keeps and maintains su ch books of accounts and other documents as required u/s 44AA and gets his accounts audited and furnishes a report of such audit as required u/s 44AB. B) What are the provisions relating to clubbing of income arising to spouse from the assets transferred ? Solution: Income from assets transferred to the spouse [Section 64(l)(iv)]: In computing the total income of an individual, all such income as arises directly or indirectly, subject to the provisions of section 27(i) (i. e. deemed owner), to the spouse of such individual from assets (other than house property) transferred directly or indirectly to the spouse of such individual otherwise than for adequate consideration or in connection with an agreement to live apart shall be included. C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 9 Solved Ans. 7 As per this provision, if an individual transfers any asset other than house property to his/her spouse, the income from such an asset shall be included in the total income of the transferor. This provisio n is not applicable to house property because in that case transferor is deemed to be the owner of the house property and the annual value of the property is taxed in the hands of the transferor as per section. 27. The income from the transferred assets shall not be clubbed in the following cases: (i) If the transfer is for adequate consideration; (II) the transfer is under an agreement to live apart; iii) if the relationship of husband and wife does not exist, either at the time of transfer of such asset or at the time of accrual of the income. (C) Alka is carrying on textile business. Compute her net wealth from the following — details of her assets and also determine her wealth-tax liability for the assessment year 2009-10 : (i) Land in rural area (it lies within 8 kms. from a municipality having a population of more than 10,000; land was purchased in 1990; construction is permissible. (ii) Land in urban area (held as stock-in-trade since 2001 ) (iii) Motor cars (iv) Aircr aft for use of employees and auditors (v) Bank balance vi) Guest house situated in rural area (vii) Residential flats of identical size provided to employees near the factory (salary of employees does not exceed Us. 5. 00,000 in a year) (viii) Residential house given to general manager (whose annual salary is Rs. 15,00,000) (ix) Cash in hand as per cash book (x)Two residential houses; let-out on rent (value of each being Rs. 22 lakh; one is letout for 250 days during the financial year 2008-09). Market Value 48,00,000 35,50,000 8. 60,000 1,25,00,000 12. 00,000 10,50,000 30. 00,000 25,00,000 2,00,000 Alka has taken a loan of Rs. 24,00,000 for acquiring the aircraft; Rs. 5,50. 000 for and; and Rs. ,00,000 for residential house given to general manager Solution: Computation of not wealth of Alka for the Assessment year 2009-10 i. Land in Rural Area (Lies within 8 Kms from a Municipality) 48,00,000 ii. Land in Urban Area (held as SIT) –iii. Motor car 8,60,000 iv. Aircraft for use of employees and auditors 1,25,00,000 v. Bank Balance –vi. Guest house situated in Rural Area 10,50,000 vii. Residential flats to employees (salary does not exceed Rs. 500000) -viii. Residential house given to general manager 25,00,000 ix. Cash in hand as per books –x. Two residential house let out on rent but one house is let out for less than 300 days. 2,00,000 Gross wealth 2,39,10,000 Less: Loan taken for Acquisition of air craft 24,00,000 Urban land —Residential house to General Manager 4,00,000 28,00,000 Total Tax [ i. p. 1% on the amount in excess of Rs. 15,00,000 ] 19610000 x 1% 2,11,10,000 1,96,100 Qn. 5. (A) Anurag sells a plot of land on 8th July, 2008 for Rs. 40 lakh and paid brokerage on its sale @1%. He purchased this plot on 19th December, 1986 for Rs. 4. 20,000. On 1st February, 2009, he purchased a residential house for Rs. 15 lakh. He owns one residential house an 8th July, 2008. The cost inflation index for 1986-87 was 140 and for 2008-09 is 5 82. Find out the amount of capital gains chargeable to tax for the assessment, year 2009-10. Suppose Anurag sells the new residential house before 1st February. 2012, what will be the taxable amount of capital gains and C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. 8 in which year it will be charged to tax? If Anurag purchases any other residential house before 1st February, 2011, what will be the taxable amount of capital gains and in which year it will be charged to tax ? Solution: (A) Computation of capital gains chargeable to tax for A/Y 2009-10 Sales Consideration Less: Expenses an transfer [brokerage @ 1%] Less: Indexed cost of acquision 420000 x 582 —140 40,00,000 4,00,000 17,46,000 18,54,000 15,00,000 LTCG 3,54,000 If Anurag sells the new residential house before 1st Feb 2012 the taxable amount is whole sales consideration and it is taxable in A/Y 2013 -14 If Anurag purchase any other residential house before 1st Feb 2011, than taxability is not arise in A/Y 2012 -13. (-) Exemption U/S 54 (B) Danny has the following investments in the previous year ended 31st March, 2009: (i) Rs. 7,160 received as interest on securities of Karnataka government. (ii) Rs. 9,000 received as interest on securities of a listed paper manufacturing company. iii) Rs. 7,200 received as interest on the unlisted securities of a sugar company. (iv) Rs. 30,000. 11% securities (unlisted) of a textile company. (v) Rs. 20,000, 10% Tamil Nadu government loan, (vi) Rs. 50,000, 13. 5% listed debentures of Dolly Ltd. Interest on ail securities is payable on 30lh June, and, 31†³ December. The bank charges 1/5 % commission on net realisation of interest as collection charges. Danny also received Its. 15, 000 as director’s fee from a company. His other incomes are — winnings from horse race: Rs. 25,000 (gross); and interest on post office savings bank account : Rs. 6,000. Find out taxable income of Danny from other sources for the assessment year 2009-10. Solution: Computation of Income from other sources for the A/Y 2009 -10 Director Fees Winning from horse race Interest from post office saving bank account 11% securities (unlisted ) of a textile company 10% Tamil nadu Govt. loan 13. 5% listed debentures of Dolly ltd. Intt. On securities of Karnataka Govt. Intt. On a listed paper mfg. Co. Intt. On the unlisted securities of a sugar company Less: Deduction Bank Charges 1. 5% Total Income Amount 15,000 25,000 6,000 3,300 2,000 6,750 7,160 9,000 7,200 81410 1,221 80,189 C) â€Å"Loss under any head of income for any assessment, year can be set-off against the income from other heads of income but when it has to be carried forward for being set-off, it can only be set-off from income under the same head. † Explain. Solution: Where in respect of any Assessment year, if after setting off losses against income under the same head the net result of th e computation under any head of income, other than ‘capital gains’ is a loss, the assess shall be entitled to have the amount of such a loss set off against his income, if any, available, for that assessment year under any other head. But If the losses could not be set off under the same head or under different heads in the same assessment year, such losses are allowed to be carried forward to be claimed as set off from the income of the subsequent Assessment Year for eg;- A loss under the head house property, if could not be set off or was not wholly set off in the same assessment year, will be allowed for be carry forward and set off only under the head Income from house property similarly Business losses other speculation business can be carry forward and set off under the head PGBP. C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 9 Solved Ans. 9 Where in respect of any assessment year, the net result of the computation under the head â€Å"Capital Gains† is a loss to asseessee, whether short term or long term. Such loss shall be separately carried forward, further such carried forward short term capital loss can be set off in subsequent assessment year from income under the head capital gains, whether short term or long t erm, but brought forward long term capital loss shall be allowed to be set off only from long term capital gain. QN. 6 (A) Rohit is the owner of a house property, its municipal valuation. s Rs. 80,000. It has been let-out for Rs. 1,20,000 per annum. The local taxes payable by the owner amount to Rs. 16,000, but as per agreement between the tenant and the landlord, the tenant has paid the amount direct to the municipality. The landlord, however, bears the following expenses on tenant’s amenities: Rs. Extension of water connection Water charges Lift maintenance Salary of gardener Lighting of Stairs Maintenance of swimming pool The landlord claims the following deductions : Repairs and collection charges Land revenue paid 3,000 1,500 1,500 1,800 1,200 750 7,500 1,500 Compute the taxable income of Rohit from the house property for the assessment year 2009-10. Solution: Computation of Income from House Property of Rohit. Actual Rent Value Less: Expenses net by Rohit an amenities provided to the tenant’s Water charges Lift Maintenance Salary of gardener Lighting of stairs Maintenance of Swimming pool Extension of water connection Annual Rent Net Annual value ( Municipal rent value Rs. 80,000 or Rs. 1,10,250 which ever is higher ) Less: Statutory deduction @ 30% Taxable income from House Property 1,20,000 1,500 1,500 1,800 1,200 750 3,000 9,750 1,10,250 1,10,250 33,075 77,175 B) What are ‘capital assets’ ? What items are not included in capital assets ? Solution: Capital asset means property of any kind held by the assessee, whether or not connected with his business or profession, but does not include: (i) any stock-in-trade, consumable stores or raw materials held for the purposes of his business or profession as these will be t axed under the head â€Å"profits and gains of business or profession†; (ii) personal effects, that is to say, movable property (including wearing apparel and furniture), held for personal use by the assessee or any member of his family dependent on him. However, the following assets shall not be treated as personal effects though these assets are moveable and may be held for personal use: (a) jewellery; (b) archaeological collections; (c) drawings; (d) paintings; (e) sculptures; or (f) any work of art. (iii) agricultural land in India, which is not an urban agricultural land. In other words, it must be a rural agricultural land; (iv) 6. 5% Gold Bonds, 1977, 7% Gold Bonds, 1980 or National Defence Gold Bonds, 1980 issued by the Central Government; (v) Special Bearer Bonds, 1991, issued by the Central Government; C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. (vi) Gold Deposit Bonds issued under the Gold Deposit Scheme 1999. 10 QN. 7. Attempt any four of the following : (a) â€Å"Service tax is generally payable by the service provider, but there are certain situations in which service receiver is liable to pay service tax. † Explain. (b) What are the due dates for payment of service tax by different assessees? (c) Indicate the amount of interest payable for late payment of service tax and the amount of penalty payable for late filing of return of service tax. d) Explain the provisions regarding submission of return under service tax. (e) What is the basis of calculation of service tax payable? Explain the provisions governing valuation of taxable services. (f) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given options in respect of the following; (i) What would be the value of taxable service, if gross amount charged by a service provider on 5th March, 2009 is Rs. 9,000 — (a) Rs. 8 ,010 (b) Rs. 8,160 (c) Rs. 9,000 (d) Rs. 8,100. (ii) If Raj has collected any amount of service tax from Brij which is not required to be collected. Raj shall pay the amount so collected to — (a) Brij (b) The Central Government (c) Keep it with himself (d) None of the above. (iii) E-payment of service tax is compulsory in the case of an assessee who had paid service tax in the preceding financial year equal to at least — (a) Rs. 10 lakh (b) Rs. 40 lakh (c) â€Å"Rs. 50 lakh (d) Rs. 1 crore. (iv) Upto what amount, the value of all taxable services provided by a service provider during a financial year is exempt from payment of service tax — (a) Rs. 4 lakh (b) Rs. 8 lakh (c) Rs. 10 lakh (d) Rs. l2 lakh. v) If a corporate assessee lias paid Rs. 5,000 as excess service lax during; the previous half-year ending period, this excess amount can be adjusted against its subsequent tax liability — (a) Equally every month (b) Equally per quarter (c) In one lump-sum (d) Equally on half-yearly basis, Solution (a) The general principle is that the person providing a taxable service is liable to pay service tax, but in certain specific situations, as Government may notify, persons other than the person providing the taxable service are liable for payment of service tax. S. No. Services Persons liable for payment 1 Telecommunication Provider of service General Insurance Insurer or reinsurer 3 4 5 Insurance Auxiliary Insurance Agent Any service provided from outside India and Receiver of service in India received in India Goods transport agency (GTA) Person making payment of freight i. e. receiver of the service (if consignor or consignee of goods are in organized sector), or GTA i. e. provider of service (in other cases) C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. Sponsorship services Receiver of services Business auxiliary services of distribution of mutual Receiver of service in India fund Any other taxable service Service provider 6 7 8 11 B) There have been frequent changes in the due dates for payment of service tax. The current law pertaining to due dates for depositing the service tax are summarized in the table given below: Category of Assessee Periodicity of Payment Period Due Date Individuals, proprietary Quarterly firms or partnership firms April to June 5th (6th in case of eJuly to September paymentofthe month October to December immediately following the said quarter January to March 3 1st March Others All months except March 5th (6th in case of e-payment) of the month immediately , following the calendar month Monthly March 3 1st March (C) The amount of interest payable for late payment of service tax is 13%. Return of service tax has to be filed within the prescribed period. A late fee has to be paid along with the filing of return of service tax if the same is filed late. Where the return is furnished late the person liable to furnish return is liable to pay to the Central Government a penalty, on the basis of period of delay subject to maximum of Rs. 2,000. Period of delay from due date Penalty to be paid Upto 1 5 days 16 to 30 days Rs. 500 Rs. 1,000 After 30 days Rs. 1,000 + 100 per day in excess of 30 days pto maximum of Rs. 2,000 (D) Every person liable to pay service tax shall himself assess the tax due on the services provided by him and furnish a return in Form ST-3 (in triplicate) on a half-yearly basis. ‘Half year’ means 1st April to 30th September and 1st October to 31st March of financial year. Without prejudice to the provisions of section 70, the Board may, by notificat ion in he Official Gazette, frame a Scheme for the purposes of enabling any person or class of persons to prepare and furnish a return under section 70, and authorise a Service Tax Return Preparer to act as such under the Scheme. The return has to be submitted by the 25th of the month following the particular half-year. Even a NIL return has to be filed if the assessee has not rendered any taxable service during a particular half year. There are no provisions under the Act which enable the filing of revised returns. (E) As per section 66, service tax is to be charged @ 12% of the value of taxable service proved or to be provided. Hence, we have to determine the value of such taxable services so as to pay service tax. As per section 67, the valuation of taxable service shall be determined as under:— Situation Valuation (i) where the provision of service is for a gross amount charged by the service provider for such consideration in money service provided or to be provided by him (ii) where the provision of service is for a such amount in money, with the addition of service tax consideration not wholly or partly consisting charged, as is equivalent to the consideration. In other of money words, it should be value of similar services provided to third party. If similar service is not provided to third party, it should be market value as determined by the assessee ut it cannot be lower than the cost of provision of same. (iii) C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. 12 where the provision of service is for a the amount as may be determined in the prescribed consideration which is not ascertainable manner (F) (i) (b) 8160 (ii) (b) The central Government (iii) (c) Rs. 50 lakhs (iv) (c) Rs. 10 lakhs (v) (c) In one Lump-sum PART—C QN. 8 Attempt, any four of the following : (i) How wou ld you take input tax credit when goods purchased are transferred by the dealer to his branch in any other State ? ii) A registered dealer can set-off the amount of input tax against the amount of his output tax. † Explain. (iii) Explain the procedure of registration under â€Å"value added tax’ (VAT). (iv) In what purchases input, tax credit is not allowed under VAT ? (v) What are the deficiencies in the design of VAT that has been adopted by the States in India? Give your opinion (vi) â€Å"Tax credit or invoice method has been adopted universally because; of the inherent advantages in the credit method of calculating tax liability? Explain, Solution (i) Stock/Branch transfers i. . transfer of stock from head office to the branch or vice-versa (viz. Inter-State transfers) do not involve sale and, therefore, they cannot be subjected to sales-tax/VAT. However, if (1) inputs are used in the manufacture of finished goods, which are stock/branch transferred; or (2) goods purchased for re-sale are stock/branch transferred, then, tax paid on such inputs/goods will be available as input tax credit subject to retention of 4% out of such tax by the State Governments. (ii) For claiming input tax credit dealer must be a registered dealer. A registered dealer can only set off the amount of input tax against the amount of his output tax. Further a registered dealer must purchase goods from another registered dealer who has not opted for composition scheme to claim credit of input tax. Apart from registration requirement the registered dealer must keep supporting evidences like VAT invoice of the purchases. (iii) Any dealer whose gross annual turnover is above Rs. 5 lakh will be liable to get compulsory registration. An existing dealer will be automatically registered under the VAT Act. A dealer registered under the VAT Acts is called a registered dealer. Any other dealer may get himself voluntarily registered. On such a dealer Commissioner may impose any conditions as he thinks fit. If dealer fails to get registration he may be registered compulsorily by the commissioner. Time limit Application for registration must be made within 30 days from the date of liability to get registered. Whom to apply Application for registration must be made to the VAT Commissioner. Exemption from registration A small dealer with gross annual turnover not exceeding Rs. lakhs does not require registration. Further States may increase the above limit for the small dealers to Rs. 10 lakhs. Penalty If a dealer who is liable to get himself registered, fails to do so then he shall be liable to penalty and he shall not be eligible for input tax credit related to the period prior to the compulsory ‘registration. Cancellation of registration In the following cases registration can be can celled: (i) In case of discontinuance of business; or (ii) In case of sale or disposal of business; or (iii) In case of shifting or transfer of business to a new state; or (iv) Annual turnover of the dealer falls below the specified amount. (iv) Purchase in which input tax credit is not allowed under VAT :i) purchases from unregistered dealer. ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) C. S. Executive Tax Law Dec. 09 Solved Ans. Purchase from registered dealer who opted for composition scheme. Purchase of goods as may be notified by the state Government. Purchase of goods where invoice does not show the amount of tax separately. Purchase of goods, which are being utilized in the manufacture of exempted goods. Goods imported from outside the territory of India. Inter state purchases. Purchase of goods used for personal use/ consumption or provided free of cheque us gifts. 13 (v) Deficiencies in the design of VAT that has been adopted by the States in India are as under : (1) Detailed records even by small traders : In order to ensure genuine availment of credit, VAT system requires maintenance of detailed accounting records even by all dealers. The small traders/firms find it difficult to do so since the accounting cost is higher than the benefit gained by them by marinating such records. Hence, they object to the VAT system. 2) Problems due to different VAT rates, exemptions, concessions and composition schemes : The advantages of VAT can be achieved only if there is single rate of VAT without any exemptions, concessions and/or composition schemes. The presence of different VAT rates, exemptions, concessions and/or composition schemes distorts the flow of audit trail introduced by VAT system and may result in cascading effect of taxation. (Note : Composition schemes provide for lumpsum payment of VAT at a lower rate on the total turnover, in full discharge of VAT liability, without any input tax credit. (3) Matching Requirements v. Different rates of VAT : Due to varying fiscal and social needs, there are varying VAT rates in India. The presence of different VAT rates requires matching of purchases and sales, which is not only difficult but impractical as well. However, if matching requirement is waived off, then, there will be scope for tax evasion by showing higher sales of goods bearing lower rate and lower sales of goods bearing higher rate. (4) Increase in investment and inflation : As compared to single-point taxation- at the time of last sale, VAT equires payment of tax at each stage of production/distribution. Since there may be time-gap in availment of credit on inputs and utilization of such credit against payment of VAT on sales, the dealers will have to carry tax paid stock, which would mean higher invest ment in stocks/working capital. This would increase interest cost and would increase the prices, thereby, causing inflation. However, this criticism is not fully correct. Availability of credit/set-off of tax paid on inputs reduces cost of production and ultimately the sale price, thereby, putting a check over inflation. The price reduction is more than price increase due to interest cost. Thus, VAT is not inflationary in nature. (5) Non-integration of State VAT with Central VAT : Until the State VAT gets integrated with Central VAT and Central Sales Tax, the purchases from other states cannot be put at par with purchases from within the Stage because tax on inter-state purchases (i. e. CST) is not available as credit/set-off while tax on intra-state purchases (i. e. VAT) is available as credit/set-off. Thus, VAT system doesn’t rule out cascading effect and the neutrality as to source of purchases remains confined to within the State. vi) Tax credit or invoice method has been adopted universally because; of the inherent advantages in the credit method of calculating tax liability which are (i) Government gets the tax on ultimate sale price to consumer i. e. the tax paid by the consumer gets into Government Exchequer. The Revenue is collected at various stages on the amount of value addition ma de at the respective stages. Thus, there is no revenue leakage. (ii) This method checks evasion of tax. In order to avail credit of tax paid on purchases, the dealer will have to maintain purchase invoices. If the purchase invoices are not maintained, no credit will be available and the dealer will have to pay tax on the total sales value, thereby, leading to higher sale price or lower profits. A dealer not maintaining purchase invoices will loose either way. Thus, the possibility of tax evasion is minimum. (iii) If the profit margin is kept at constant level, then the credit/set-off provided under this method would eliminate cascading effect of taxation and would result in reduction of ultimate sale price. Thus, the industry and the trade would benefit. How to cite Easy Way to Learn Tax, Essay examples

Usage and Values of ICT

Question: Discuss aboiut the Usage and Values of ICT ? Answer : Introducation The Information and Communication Technology or ICT has become so popular among business organizations, educational institutions and among another people who are using advanced computer and internet technologies. All ICT related concepts, applications and methods are growing continuously on regular basis. All ICT products have potential to store, safe, operate and receive information in computerized form through electronic devices, for example computers, internet, email, robot, digital gadgets are commonly used by common man and also in business organizations. In business organizations, ICT plays an important role to perform its day to day activities by providing number of business applications that provide help in decision making, message distribution among business employees and clients, record-keeping and reliable communication. Besides this, some business corporations also believe that ICT provides benefits in quality, production, communication and lowering expenses. ICT is consi dered better than conventional technologies by business organizations. There is wide spectrum of tools for business that is covered by ICT such as e-mail systems, phones and tables and videoconferencing etc. These all tools are utilized by business organization and in training institutions to do their regular tasks properly. At both small and large workplaces communication among employees, clients and management is essential and ICT is considered best to provide reliable and quick communication systems. Besides this, reliable and efficient record keeping tools are also provided by ICT for business organizations to keep business information in secure and confidential. These are some usages and roles of ICT in business organizations and training institutions that enhance overall value of this technology (Studie-life.de, 2017). Information and Communication Technology has big values in education and business fields (Islam, 2017). In field of education, ICT is implemented to fulfill the aim of long term earning and education for enhancing number of educational services, for promoting new educational opportunities and information and to enhance distant education for students. It shows that in education sector ICT has become so much valuable. On another side, the popularity of internet and web technologies among children, youngsters and adults, also increase value of ICT. Through this emerged technology, children can learn in better way (Meenakshi, 2013). Like in educational sector, ICT has also created its value in business sector through its usage at microeconomic level. The steady growth of ICT in economic sector has high significance and solutions and technologies of ICT are also considered valuable and important to contribute for creating ICTs values. In this way, the above discussed factors about ICT are making it valuable among in different sectors such as business, education, healthcare and others. Today, due to usage of ICT, it has become easier to do busin ess at international level and clients can communicate easily with business organizations anytime and from anywhere. In this way, ICT is used in businesses for its better growth and performance in competitive market (Reference, 2017). References Studie-life.de.(2017). The significance of ICT for business and society | LIFE Study. Retrieved 11 March 2017, from https://www.studie-life.de/en/life-studies/working-connected/the-significance-of-ict-for-business-and-society/ Meenakshi. (2013). Importance of ICT in Education. IOSR Journal Of Research Method In Education (IOSRJRME), 1(4), 03-08. https://dx.doi.org/10.9790/7388-0140308 Reference. (2017). How is ICT used in business?. Retrieved 11 March 2017, from https://www.reference.com/business-finance/ict-used-business-8c75a14586a62bca# Islam, N. The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Business Management: Contemporary Issues and Challenges. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2856262

Top Tips to Write Compare and Contrast Essay Conclusion

An outstanding essay must have three main parts: Introduction Body paragraphs and Conclusion Introduction is used to grab the reader’s attention; the body consists of three or four paragraphs supporting the hypothesis and main argument of the essay, while the conclusion is the last and final chance to leave an impression on a reader. It is necessary that the conclusion of your essay must be written in a way that it forces the reader to give you full marks; in short it must be the best part of any essay. Writing a conclusion is one of the most difficult parts of writing an essay in which usually many writers feel that they are completely out of the words. A good conclusion must: Leave an impression on your professor. Give a sense of wholeness to the essay Stress the significance of the hypothesis Here in this article we share top tips on how to write a conclusion of a compare contrast essay. Have a look: What is compare contrast essay: A compare contrast essay in simple words is also called a comparison essay in which the writer compare two objects or ideas and present their similarities and differences. The main focus of the writer here is on the scope and length of an essay. The conclusion here is also the main part of an essay that must not only paraphrase the thesis statement, but also share the opinion of the author. Paraphrasing the hypothesis: The hypothesis is a sentence that gives an idea to the reader what your essay is all about. It is necessary that the first sentence of the essay conclusion must be the paraphrase or restatement of the hypothesis. The opinion of the author: The body paragraph should usually include the objective information, the conclusion must contain about two sentences eloquent the writer’s opinion, but make sure that there will be no use of â€Å"I† in the conclusion of the essay, as it is not allowed in formal essay writing. The scope of the conclusion: Do not write too much in the conclusion other than the paraphrase hypothesis and the writer’s short opinion. The conclusion is not a story and don’t try to introduce something new or unrelated information in it otherwise the reader will at once reject your essay or will give you low grades. Make sure all the information you mentioned here must be from your introduction or body paragraphs and the scope of the conclusion must be limited to what you have already mentioned in your essay. Remember to always end your conclusion with your opinion. Above are some tips to write a great compare contrast essay conclusion. If you want to make your compare contrast essay conclusion, outstanding and want to get good grades then it is necessary to carefully follow each and every step. Best of luck for your next essay.

Free Essays on History Of Computers

History of Computers in America Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and one out of every two households. This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of people’s lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer’s ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memori ze, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal’s father who was a tax collector. In the early 1800’s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed byand stored data oncards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punchcards. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device. After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1... Free Essays on History Of Computers Free Essays on History Of Computers History of Computers in America Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and one out of every two households. This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of people’s lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer’s ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memori ze, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed. The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal’s father who was a tax collector. In the early 1800’s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed byand stored data oncards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punchcards. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device. After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1...

Character of Touchstone in Shakespeares As You Like It Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The Character of   Touchstone in As You Like It    As You Like It features, like so many of Shakespeare's plays, a professional clown, Touchstone, and it's worth paying some attention to his role for what it contributes towards establishing and maintaining the upbeat comic spirit of the play. For the jester is the constant commentator on what is going on. His humour, pointed or otherwise, thus inevitably contributes to the audience's awareness of what is happening, and the way in which other characters treat him is often a key indicator of their sensibilities. Touchstone is one of the gentlest and happiest clowns in all of Shakespeare. He comments on the action, makes jokes at other people's expense, and offers ironic insights about their situation. But throughout As You Like It, such traditional roles of the fool are offered and taken with a generosity of spirit so that his remarks never shake the firm comic energies of the play. When he ridicules Orlando's verses, Rosalind laughs along with him. When he points out to Corin (in 3.2) that the shepherd must be damned for never having lived at court, Corin takes it as good natured jesting (which it is). When Touchstone takes Audrey away from her rural swain, William, there are apparently no hard feelings (although much here depends on the staging). In this play, the professional jester participates in and contributes to a style of social interaction which is unqualified by any more sober and serious reflections. This makes Touchstone very different from the bitter fool of King Le ar or from the most complex fool of all, the sad Feste of Twelfth Night , both of whom offer comments that cast either a shrewd, melancholy, or bitter irony on the proceedings.    Touchstone himself becomes the target of much humour by his immediate attraction to Audrey, the "foul" country lass. There is something richly comic here, seeing the staunch apologist for the sophisticated life of the court fall so quickly to his animal lust. But the satire here is very good humoured. Touchstone himself acknowledges the frailty of his vows and does not attempt to deceive anyone about his intentions.

HRM- BMW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRM- BMW - Essay Example BMW’s move shows that management is not the lone representative of a business; it is bigger than that- there are lessons to be learned and given from and by everyone involved. A cohesive business is a successful one, and a company can only be cohesive when all levels of employees believe that they can speak up and make a difference. The more people who can get involved in the process, the more it will be an accurate reflection of the company and community’s true set of standards and complementary goals. #3 I believe that both employees and managers would think the new policy is fair. The only potential obstacle may be that employees or the public might see the move as a calculated response to media pressure due to recent corporate scandals involving inflated executive bonuses. However, as the case states, â€Å"BMW has been discussing its compensation practices for months, and claims its announcement has nothing to do with a larger debate about public accountability of executives† (BusinessWeek, 2011). The linked bonus program shows a link between management and employees in the company, and an expansion of vertical communication that will, I believe, make the line workers feel more valued and responsible, thus increasing their productivity as well as their company loyalty. REFERENCE BusinessWeek Case (2011).

Egypt vs Saudi Arabia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Egypt vs Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example b. Egypt, it has a better history in political parties’ formation and practice, than Saudi Arabia. The existence of Liberation Rally, Nation Union, Arab Socialist Union and National Democratic Parties provided a better platform for the political leadership to introduce change in Egypt. a. Earlier networks of political groups and social formations that had carried traditions of resistance through the period of repression became mobilized beneath the surface of dictatorial order (Paulsen n.d.). 3. With the leadership of the country limited to one Royal family, there may lack instabilities in the governance, but active and talented leadership skills within the communities will always be left out. a. Most of the Middle East countries have large deposits of petroleum oil, and gases which attracts powerful nations, if not forcefully getting involved in the commotions of these Arab countries, in the name of providing a solution, but rather their intentions are to keep them closer for future reasons. a. The army leaders in Egypt realized that that their establishments could present a valuable role under new administration, and thus were willing to dare throwing out the old guard as they were not personal instruments of the ruler (Gause III 2011). A. The System and rule of governance between Egypt and Saudi Arabia’s leadership, international relations, countries’ security structure and role, and the law reform give the explanation for Saudi Arabia and Egypt divergence in outcomes. B. Egypt uprising was strongly supported by protestors in conjunction with political parties presence.

The Accounts Department Essay Example for Free

The Accounts Department Essay 5.0 CPL was formerly part of the Ashstead Plc but was the subject of a management buyout (MBO) from its previous owners six year ago by five directors-Greg Pearce, Jane Yip, Ruth Jones, Ahmed Khan and Susan Marther. Ashstead and in the everything from brick of the butter and it 2005 when the initial decision was made to move the business model away from being a conglomerate. It was decision that lead to MBO to Chic Paints Limited. 5.1 In early April 2013, Jane Yip, who was that finance director of Chic Paint Limited left the company and was replace by Dave Whistler. 5.3 The purpose of the accounts department is to complete all activities relating to the production of the accounts including sales and purchase ledger and payroll. Due to some of the identified weakness there is management accounting activity or cash flow forecasting. An organization chart is included in appendix 1 5.4 The accounts department-key internal stakeholders 5.4.1 The accounts department consists of finance director who has responsibility for the general strategy of the company as a whole; he is in charge of all accounting, finance, and IT issues and personnel. Many of these day to day responsibilities are delegate to the Chief Account. He also produces the manual report, including its statutory accounts, deal with all the banking and finance issues, fulfills the role of the company secretary to handles all legal issues. 5.4.2 Chief accountant is responsible for day to day running of CPLs Accounts Department. Involves in supervising the work of the accounts clerks who run the transaction accounting system on the general ledger, She has number of staff reporting to her including the costing technician, payroll clerk, accounts payable, accounts receivable clerk ,credit controller, general ledger clerk and accounting system technician. She personally management accounts, bottom up annual production and co-odination, authorizes payment of in voices, make NIC and PAYE, managing day to day cash flow and ensuring the working cycle is kept to level set out by the finance directors. 5.4.3 Accounts Payable Clerk is responsible for entering all suppliers’ invoices and credit notes into the accounts payable or issuing debit notes where necessary, for reconciling supplier’s statements to the accounts payable ledger and for controlling  creditor payments 5.4.4 Credit Controller is responsible for all data input into the ledger, which involves raising sales invoices and credit notes, producing monthly statements and reconciling debtor payments. As the ledger is only updated monthly, she has to use spreadsheets for credit controls purposes, and also for carrying out the company’s credit control procedures, This involves making online credit checks on all new credit customers and recommending a credit limit to the finance directors and Sales Manager 5.4.5 The accounts department is required to inter-relate with other departments in CPL such as production department so they are can be aware of inventory and staff hour worked for the production of payroll. They also need to interact with sales department so invoices can be produced and payments are required to the purchasing department to order goods and make. 5.4.6 The accounts department uses micro excel spreadsheet to record transactions which it then manually moves to the ledger at the month end which run on the software written for CPL and enable trial balance and financial statement to be produced, inventory control is done by excel and sage 50 used for payroll.

Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace -- Argumentative Persuasive Internet E

Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace: Government Restrictions on Content in the United States of America (this essay is missing the url of each source cited) "Information wants to be free. The Internet fosters free speech on a global scale."[1] Introduction The Internet provides a gateway for an individual to speak freely and anonymously without being targeted to what he or she said. With this said, one of the biggest issues concerning the Internet today is freedom of speech. The issue of free speech on the Internet has been a topic of discussion around the world within the past years. It is a unique communication medium and is powerful than the traditional media[2]. Because the Internet can not be compared equally to other mediums of communication, it deserves the utmost freedom of speech protection from the government. The restriction of speech on the Internet takes away from individual's rights and freedom from experiencing the Internet's benefits and uses. Information found on the Internet is endless and boundless and this poses the question, "should the government be allowed to regulate the information and content being transmitted or posted online?" Free Speech on the Internet Free speech on the Internet is a very controversial subject and has been the key problem surrounding the Internet today. The attempt to regulate and govern the Internet is still pursued by government officials. This subject has been intensified due to terrorist attacks against the United States and around world within the past years. The government believes that by regulating the Internet, it will protect the general public from criminal actions and eliminate the exposure of children to pornography or vulgar language. Senator Jim Exon of ... ...eved 27 April 2004. Rosenthal, Elisabeth. "China Lists Controls To Restrict the Use Of E-mail and Web." The New York Times, 27 January 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Smith, Craig, "Tough New Rules Don't Faze Chinese Internet Start-Ups," The New York Times, 4 October 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Stewart, William. Key Internet Features - Freedom of Speech. Living Internet. Retrieved 20 April 2004. Unknown Author. An Overview of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). Center for Democracy & Technology. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Unknown Author. Communications Decency Act. Electronic Privacy Information Center. Retrieved 26 April 2004. Unknown Author. Communications Decency Act. Wikipedia. Retrieved 25 April 2004. Unknown Author. Introduction to Ethics. Engineering Handbook. Retrieved 20 April 2004.

Rockaway pipeline

I do not support radon gas because of its harmful effects that can affect everyone around or using the gas. Radon is second leading cause of lung cancer, the primary adverse health effect associated with chronic exposure to radon is lung cancer typically bronchogenic, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma. Radon also has the potential to generate genotoxic effects higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations. Radon has been linked with erotogenic effects. Radon and smoking displayed a synergistic effect.Increased levels of exposure to radon increase the probability of observing an effect; however, increased levels of exposure do not necessarily influence the type or severity of the effect. There are no zero risk thresholds for radon exposure, but instead, risk increases proportionate to the exposure time. Pipelines can explode at any time for many different reasons, and those reasons can be the cause of why shopping malls, ouses, and schoo ls could be the victims of a fatal fire after the pipelines explode.You state that the pipelines would have periodic checks and be monitored 24 hours a day, every year, but tell that to the campers of Floyd Benet Park, the trees there are prone to fire, and I sincerely doubt that you wish to spend all your profits fixing on the reparation needed to replenish all the trees. Radon decays to equally radioactive and dangerous particles, like polonium and radioactive lead, In addition, before being broken down to regular, non-radioactive lead.When people breathe in, radon is exhaled, but the radon particles ends up inside the lungs, which then will cause cancer. Only because the radon is a heavy, gas and usually gravitates towards the open floor, making in harmful for children, pets and adults The Radon particles and the progeny can plate out the sides ot gas pipelines, which makes the pipelines hot and radioactive, then making them hazardous. I recently found out that in 1986, EPA had s et a limit for exposure to radon in air at 4 picocuries per liter.Being that there is increased exposure to many inds of radiation in the world today. Universities and Organizations like John Hopkins Universities and the World Health Organization have said that 2. 7 picocuries per liter would be a much better standard, but in reality, there is really know safe level of exposure. To Whom is reading this Letter I sincerely hope you take account all of the facts and examples that I have written and explained to you this day, and I hope the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission understands the dangers or this gas and how it can affect our community,

Health Care Spending Paper Essay

Health care costs for individuals in the United States have increased and will continue to increase. The number of people needing care and insurance is one of the major factors in health care spending. Another factor is the amount needed to be spent on new equipment and technology which will always continue to change. The U.S. health care spending accounts for 16% of the gross domestic product (GDP), which is the highest compared to other countries. Although the American populations have benefited from the investments made in health care, it still puts strains on the systems used to finance health care, such as private and public insurance programs. Many people are still without insurance and those who do have insurance have seen their out-of-pocket expenses grow from their deductibles and copayments (Kaiser Family Foundation, n.d.). Health Expenditures The national health expenditures currently have reached $2.1 trillion. According to Forman (2008), â€Å"This translated into $7,026 per person and 16% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)† (para. 3). Both of these records are the highest among the nations. The hospital spending accounts for 31% of the national health care expenditure, which continues to grow. Due to a 0.2% Medicare fee schedule update for physicians in 2006, the physician expenditure is at an generally low rate at 5.9%. Prescription drug spending has increased to 19% due to the implementation of Medicare Part D. Administrative cost have also grown over the years and is currently at 8.8% in the health care spending expenditure. The growth of this is due to the amount of Medicare beneficiaries who have enrolled in the Medicare Advantage plans. Medicaid spending has for the first time ever, decreased in the amount spent on health care, partly due to Medicare Part D (Forman, 2008). Spending too much? The level of health care spending is too high and continues to grow. It will continue to grow and exceed the overall GDP, which does not leave open opportunities for spending in other areas. Health care spending has not been manageable for some time now, resulting in a higher number of people uninsured and a greater number of consumers and employers struggling to afford insurance. The increased use of the Medicare Advantage plan has increased the importance of managed care and also puts the remaining fee-for-service system at risk (Forman, 2008). Health care in the U.S. is also much higher priced for the services than other countries. According to Kelley (2010), the public’s lack of market power – the ability to drive price based on supply and demand, as with most other products and service – is the cause of high prices in physician services, hospital services, and prescription drugs (p. 21). To Add or Cut Spending According to Kelley (2009), â€Å"Estimates suggest that as much as $700 billion a year in healthcare costs do not improve health outcomes. They occur because we pay more for care rather than better care† (p. 2). We are often provided with service that do us no good or services that we really do not need. Too much is spent on unnecessary hospitalizations, unneeded tests, over-priced drugs, and more expensive equipment that works just as well as the last and cheaper equipment (Kelley, 2009, p. 2). Compared to other countries, the U.S. health care costs are too high; more is spent per capita and the GDP percentage is the highest. Health care costs also can be reduced by eliminating the amount of medical errors, fraud and abuse, and payments for services with no evidence that they contribute better health outcomes (Kelley, 2009, p. 4). According to Kelley (2009), â€Å"The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimates that fraudulent billings to public and private healthcare programs are 3-10 percent of total health spending, or $75-$250 billion in fiscal year 2009† (p. 17). Kelley (2009), states that a substantial amount of care provided adds no or little value to the diagnosis of a patient’s condition or effective treatment of a diagnosed condition (p. 12). This means that the use of diagnostic test, high-price procedures, and irrelevant use of antibiotics can be decreased. The result of this could save millions of dollars in health care expenses for hospitals, patients, and insurance companies. Health care costs also can be cut by administrative costs. According to kaiseredu.org (2011), â€Å"At least 7% of health care expenditures are estimated to go toward for the administrative costs of government health care programs and the net cost of private insurance.† Health Care Finance The public’s health care needs are paid for by public and private health insurance companies, which in the year of 2010 cost about $2.6 trillion. This is ten times over the $256 billion spent in health care expenditures in 1980 (Kaiser Family Foundation, n.d.). Health care needs for citizens age 65 and older are covered through Medicare with no direct out-of-pocket expenses. Not all drug costs and medical services are covered under Medicare; some require additional coverage from private insurers (Torrey, 2010, para. 1). Private health insurance is available to employees through their employer. Americans under the age of 65 who cannot afford health insurance have a chance to be covered under state-run programs, such as SCHIP for children. There are millions of people still uninsured and many who are underinsured (Torrey, 2010, para. 2). According to Torrey (2010), â€Å"With the passage of the healthcare reform in March 2010, the number of uninsured Americans is changing so that by 2014, 32 million more Americans will have coverage† (para. 6). Economic Health Care Needs The future economic health care needs are expanding health care coverage and addressing the rising costs. The percentage of Americans with health insurance declined in 2009 (American College of Physicians, 2011). According to the American College of Physicians (2011), â€Å"The number of uninsured persons reached an all-time high, with almost 51 million people having no health insurance coverage and 59 million being without health insurance at least part of the year† (p. 2). Many people have also signed up for Medicaid and many more need to sign up with the time of the Baby Boomers. If the health care system does not come up with a solution to the finances of health care and health insurance it will not be provided. If the costs of health insurance are also not taken into account, many will lose their insurance because they can no longer afford it. I believe the needs of the health care system will be met through government financing and other programs, which may result in higher taxes. In 2014 the Affordable Care Act (ACA) will become available to nearly all Americans and will address the challenges of rising costs, inadequate capacity, and coverage. According to the American College of Physicians (2011), â€Å"ACA will address the shortage of primary care physicians by reforming payment systems and by the funding of primary care training programs† (p. 1). The health care system needs to realize how their money is being spent and wasted. The costs of medical supplies and some prescription drugs are outrageous. Starting with little changes, such as the price of aspirin in a hospital can result in lower health care costs. The important need of Americans and providing affordable health insurance is a major issue. This results in the high health expenditures that are seen today. Americans should not have to worry about whether or not they will be able to afford health care in the next few years, let alone have insurance. Americans without insurance will need to have access to some type of care or insurance. Health insurance companies and employers need to come up with a solution or find ways to help out the people of the U.S. If health care prices do not decrease soon, they may never decrease. References American College of Physicians. (2011). Health Care Coverage, Capacity and Cost: What Does the Future Hold?. Retrieved from http://www.acponline.org/advocacy/events/state_of_healthcare/snhcbrief2011.pdf Forman, H.P. (2008). National Health Care Expenditure Update: A New Threat or an Opportunity?. Retrieved from http://www.ajronline.org/content/190/3/557.full kaiseredu.org. (2011). US Health Care Costs. Retrieved from kaiseredu.org: http://www.kaiseredu.org/Issue-Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief.aspx Kelley, R. (2009). Where Can $700 Billion in Waste be Cut Annually from the U.S. Healthcare System?. Retrieved from http://www.factsforhealthcare.com/whitepaper/HealthcareWaste.pdf Torrey, T. (2010). Healthcare Reform – How Should Healthcare be Paid For?. Retrieved from http://patients.about.com/od/healthcarereform/a/reform-payment.htm

How to Make Marketing Team Management Easy (Free Templates)

How to Make Marketing Team Management Easy (Free Templates) Managing a team can feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders. You’re responsible not only for your own work, but for the output of all your direct reports, too. In fact, it has been said that the true measure of a manager’s productivity, is actually the measure of their team’s output as a whole. No pressure, right? Fortunately, learning how to effectively guide high-functioning marketing departments isn’t impossible. By investing in proper skill development and establishing solid processes, you can stop feeling like you’re herding cats and successfully lead your team to success. Free templates to help you effectively manage your marketing team.First, Snag Some Free Templates Before digging into the meat of this post, take a second to download these no-cost resources: Marketing Project Management Calendar Template (Excel): See everything your team is working on. Marketing Workflow Checklist Template (Excel): Help each team member execute projects correctly with clear checklists. Marketing Project Management Plan (Word): Map out a strategy for managing your team’s projects. Combined with the in-depth advice in this post, you’re well on your way to taking the pain out of corralling creative teams and managing marketers the best way.What is the Real Role of a Team Manager? Managing people is about much more than just being someone else’s boss. It means making your success be other’s success. Everything else about the role stems from this simple truth. When you’re in the lead, it isn’t all about you, even though you’re ultimately the one steering the ship. It’s about making sure everyone performs up to their potential. Achieving that aim is easier said than done though. Effective leadership is putting first things first. Effective management is discipline.Introducing the Team Management Dashboard in One way to give yourself the edge when it comes to team management is to use the Team Management Dashboard in (and if you’re new, it’s an industry-leading marketing management platform). It makes it easy to see your entire team’s workload and the progress they’re making in one place: Check it out. Then, schedule a demo to see how it can change the way you manage your team. What Are Some Common Team Management Roadblocks? Whether you’re new to management or you’ve been leading marketing teams for a while, you’re bound to face some barriers. Barrier #1: Siloed Teams The team you’re managing will likely need to collaborate with other teams, too. But, if those teams are siloed, that can make getting things done difficult. There are a few reasons for that: You can’t move faster than the other team is willing to go. They likely have other projects and their own priorities, beyond just the things you’re collaborating on. Getting teams on the same page can be tough. For the reasons listed above. Different processes can clash. They have their way of doing things, and you’ve got yours. If the two can’t be reconciled, work starts to break down. Barrier #2: Lack of Clear, Shared Goals Rallying your team to succeed requires having a shared goal. Otherwise, what are you actually working toward? Without some sort of objective, you’re liable to just do a lot of stuff, look busy, and accomplish nothing. That, in turn, leads to a burned out team that’s working hard but ends up with nothing to show for it. Rallying your team to succeed requires having a shared goal. Otherwise, what are you working toward?Barrier #3: Lack of Leadership If no one’s steering the ship, you’ll never end up where you want to go. And if you’re reading this, odds are leadership falls on your shoulders. Businesses, in general, are feeling a gap between leadership wants and reality, too. According to a study from Globoforce, a full 93% of managers need training on how to train their teams. If that sounds shocking, perhaps it shouldn’t. Management and leadership are skills that take years of experience to develop. Excelling at helping others excel takes years of intentional practice. Fortunately, you don’t have to depend completely on hard-fought lessons in the rough and tumble trenches of marketing and business. For one thing, you’re reading this blog post. That’s a point in your favor. And if you’re part of the 93% who need some help, at least you’re not alone (and odds are the other 7% are lying anyway).

Onnect Events in Fitzgerald's life with situations and events in The Research Paper

Onnect Events in Fitzgerald's life with situations and events in The Great Gatsby - Research Paper Example His life is also a clear portrait of the emotional upheavals and stress a person suffers in order to maintain the heights achieved so early in life. Born of an American father Mr. Edward Fitzgerald and an Irish mother Ms Mollie Fitzgerald in 1896, he led a comfortable childhood. Although his father lost his job when Fitzgerald was twelve years old but the inheritance of his mother was enough to maintain the family’s status and comforts. He was sent to the Newman School in New Jersey in 1911. Father Sigourney Fay in this school recognized his literary talents and encouraged him to work for distinctive achievements in life. The guidance provided by Father Fay proved to be the foundation of his scholarly accomplishments later in life. For receiving college education he was sent to the prestigious Princeton University. He was fascinated by the aristocracy and the royal charm of this place. Here, he took great pride in his literary pursuits but he was not attentive and serious towa rds his academic studies. He contributed regularly to the Princeton Tiger humor magazine and also composed lyrics for the Princeton Triangle Club. Fitzgerald joined the army in 1917 as he was convinced that he will not be able to graduate. He continued to nurture his intellectual interests. He wrote his first novel ‘The Romantic Egotist’ this year only. The novel was rejected by the Charles Scribner’s Sons but interestingly they praised the novel’s originality. The writer in him got the impetus to work harder on it. Meanwhile he was commissioned at Camp Sheridan which was located near Alabama. He was a young lad at this juncture of life who fell in love for Zelda Sayre who was a celebrated belle. He was discharged by the Army in 1919 and went to New York to try his luck in advertisement business as his love Zelda was not happy with his small earnings. He was also ambitious for achieving distinguished success in life and in his efforts to achieve this he re -wrote his novel but it was rejected for the second time by the Scribners. He was not successful in his advertising venture as well. Unwilling to continue with him Zelda broke her engagement with him. Disappointed he returned from New York in 1919 and decided to re-write his novel. He has titled it this time as ‘This side of the paradise’ and sent it once again to Scribners. The editor Maxwell Perkins selected it. The publication of this novel in 1920 proved to be a windfall for him. Its huge success gave celebrity status overnight to twenty four years old Fitzgerald. Interestingly critics trace his mesmerism of Princeton days as well as the broken heart of a young lover in this masterpiece. This early distinctive success in his life brought material fortunes for him as well. Soon after the publication of this novel he became one of the highly paid writers of America. He started living life king size. His infatuation with Zelda compelled him to forget her money minded a ttitude and he married her at this point as now he could lead an extravagant and lavish lifestyle with her and shifted to New York. For Fitzgerald couple, life blossomed into a bed of roses. They were also blessed by their only child Frances Scott Fitzgerald in October 1921. Fitzgerald was writing professionally short stories and plays as well to supplement his income. ‘Flappers and Philosophers’ and ‘Tales of the Jazz Age’ are his wonderful collection of short stories. He wrote his second novel ‘The Beautiful and Damned’ during this time. At this point he was living a life beyond his means expecting further successes as a writer. In this process, he came under heavy debts. Incidentally, his work of political satire ‘

Managing Change Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Change Report - Essay Example However, it has been a recognized fact that in an organizational context it is quite easier to determine and plan about initiating any change process than to execute it. This is because it is simpler to change systems as well as processes rather than to change the notion and the perception of people towards any impending change. It is recognized fact that people in an organization i.e. employees are the key players and drivers in order to achieve desired success from initiating any change process. There in lies the need for proper communication of change among the employees with the aim to improve and to tackle any behavioral problem that can occur (Neogroup, 2007). The report intends to recognize and to develop a comprehensive strategy that can be implemented in an organizational perspective to efficiently communicate a significant shift in the company direction. The change that is to be initiated will encompass alterations of senior managerial level and incorporation of additional workforce. In the organizational scenario, in case of change management process a significant problem which generally takes place is regarding proper communication of change. An organization’s higher management primarily desires to initiate a change process in order to bring in certain positive alterations in the organizational fortune. These change requiring situations often include alterations in senior management and induction of additional staff in the organizational workforce. If these situations are not handled properly then it can lead to unpleasant work environment, resentment among the employees and low employee morale among others. These factors can in turn create an inverse reaction within the organizational context and any positive desired outcome can become void (Government Office For the South West, 2007). Communication can be â€Å"defined as the exchange of an information, thought and emotion between individuals of groups, in other words, communication plays a